Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign) is an ancillary glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός (diakritikós, "distinguishing"). Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the for all four of its postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia alphabets. Letters and digraphs A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used to write one phoneme (distinct sound) or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. The sound is often, but not necessarily, one which cannot be expressed using a single character in the orthography used by the language. Usually, the term & that are similar to ĉ and represent the same sound include Slovene Slovene or Slovenian is a South Slavic language spoken by approximately 2.4 million speakers worldwide, the majority of whom live in Slovenia. Slovene is one of the 23 official and working languages of the European Union č, English English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into South-East Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria. Following the economic, political, military, scientific, cultural, and colonial influence of Great Britain and the United Kingdom from the 18th century, and of and Spanish Countries where Spanish has official status. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 25% or more of the population. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 10-20% of the population. States of the U.S. where Spanish has no official status but is spoken by 5-9.9% of the population ch, and Italian Italian ( italiano , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken as a native language by about 62 million people in Italy, San Marino and parts of Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia and France. It is spoken as a first language by many Italian citizens and immigrants abroad, for a total of approximately 70 million native speakers. In addition, it c before i or e.
Ĉ is also the fourth letter of the Esperanto alphabet. While it is written as cx in the x-system, it is C ‹C› is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
with a circumflex The circumflex is a diacritic mark used in the written forms of many languages, and is also commonly used in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin circumflexus (bent about)—a translation of the Greek περισπωμένη (perispōménē) (ĉ) when written accented. Dr Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, always recommended using ch.
Character mappings
| Charset |
Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Character Set standard and published in book form as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode consists of a repertoire of more than 107,000 |
ISO 8859 ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint ISO and IEC series of standards for 8-bit character encodings. The series of standards consists of numbered parts, such as ISO/IEC 8859-1, ISO/IEC 8859-2, etc. There are 15 parts, excluding the abandoned ISO/IEC 8859-12. The ISO working group maintaining this series of standards has been disbanded-3 ISO/IEC 8859-3:1999, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 3: Latin alphabet No. 3, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin-3 or South European. It was designed to cover Turkish, Maltese and |
| Majuscule Capital letters or majuscules [IPA pronunciation: /məˈdʒʌskjuls, ˈmædʒəˌskjuls/], in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, etc., may also be called capitals, or caps. Upper case, upper-case, or uppercase is also often used in this context as synonym of capital. Manual typesetters kept them in the upper drawers of a desk or in the upper type case, Ĉ |
U+0108 |
C6 |
| Minuscule Lower case , minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters, as opposed to upper case or capital letters, as used in European alphabets (Greek, Latin, Cyrillic, and Armenian). For example, the letter "a" is lower case while the letter "A" is upper case ĉ |
U+0109 |
E6 |
See also
| The basic modern Latin alphabet Alphabets that are equivalent in the sense that they consist of the same 26 letters – possibly also used in combination with diacritics, provided that letters thereby modified are not considered distinct letters of the alphabet: |
| Aa The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet, a vowel. Its name in English ( /
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Bb B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Cc ‹C› is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Dd "D" is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Ee ‹E› is the fifth letter and the second of five vowels in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Ff F is the Sixth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. English ( /
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Gg ‹G› is the seventh letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Hh H is the eighth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in both British and American English is ' /
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Ii ‹I› is the ninth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its English name ( /
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Jj J is the 10th letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet used today; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added. Its name in English ( /
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Kk K is the 11th letter of the English and basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Ll L is the twelfth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Mm M is the thirteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Nn N is the fourteenth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Oo O is the fifteenth letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Pp P is the sixteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Qq Q is the seventeenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Rr R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Ss S is the nineteenth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Tt T is the twentieth letter in the English alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Uu U is the twenty-first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Vv V is the twenty-second letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Ww |
Xx X is the twenty-fourth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( /
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Yy The letter Y is the twenty-fifth and penultimate letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet, representing a vowel in most languages that use it. Its name in English ( /
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Zz The name of the Semitic symbol was zayin, possibly meaning "weapon", and was the seventh letter. It represented either z as in English and French, or possibly more like /dz/ |
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Letter C with diacritics A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign) is an ancillary glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός (diakritikós, "distinguishing"). Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the
ĆćĈĉČč
Ċċ Ċ is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from C with the addition of a dot. It is used in Maltese to represent a voiceless postalveolar affricate, equivalent to English ch (IPA: [tʃ]). It is occasionally used in Old English for the same reason, to distinguish it from c pronounced as /k/, which otherwise is spelled the same. Its voiced
Çç Ç, ç is a letter in the Albanian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish (strictly Kurmanji dialect), Ligurian, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, and Zazaki alphabets. This letter also appears in Catalan, French, Friulian, Occitan, and Portuguese as a variant of the letter “c”
Ḉḉ
Ȼȼ
Ƈƈ
ɕ
Letters using circumflex The circumflex is a diacritic mark used in the written forms of many languages, and is also commonly used in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin circumflexus (bent about)—a translation of the Greek περισπωμένη (perispōménē) accent
Ââ Â, â is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets. This letter also appears in Croatian, French, Portuguese, Serbian, Frisian, Welsh Language, Friulian, Turkish, and Walon language as a variant of the letter “a”ĈĉÊê
Ĝĝ
Ĥĥ
Îî Î, î is a letter in the Kurdish, Turkish and Romanian languages. This letter also appears in French and Walon language as a variant of letter “i”
Ĵĵ
Ôô
Ŝŝ
Ûû
Ŵŵ
Ŷŷ
Ẑẑ
history The Latin alphabet originated in the 7th century BC, undergoing a history of 2,500 years before emerging as one of the dominant writing systems in use today • palaeography Palaeography, also spelt paleography, παλαιός palaiós, "old" and γράφειν graphein, "to write") is the study of ancient handwriting and the practice of deciphering and reading historical manuscripts • derivations A Latin-derived alphabet is an alphabetical writing system that uses letters of the original Roman Latin alphabet and extensions. Extending can be done by adding diacritics to existing letters, joining multiple letters together to make ligatures, creating completely new forms, or assigning a special function to pairs or triplets of letters • diacritics A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign) is an ancillary glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός (diakritikós, "distinguishing"). Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters • ISO/IEC 646
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Categories: Esperanto letters | Specific letter-diacritic combinations |
