East Pakistan (Bengali Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. It is written with the Bengali script. With nearly 230 million total speakers, Bengali is one of the: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu Urdu (Urdu: اردو, IPA: [ˈʊrduː] ) is a standardised register of Hindustani. It is the national language and one of the two official languages of Pakistan (the other being English), and one of 22 scheduled languages of India, as an official language of five Indian states. Its vocabulary developed under Persian, Turkic, and Pashto[citation: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqī Pākistān) was a province Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two federally administered areas and a federal capital territory. The provinces are subdivided into more than a hundred Zillahs, or districts and further subdivided into Tehsils . At the most local level, there are also over five thousand local governments of Pakistan The Dominion of Pakistan was a federal country in South Asia that was established in 1947 as a result of the partition of British India into two sovereign dominions: the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. The Dominion of Pakistan, which included modern-day Pakistan and Bangladesh, was intended to be a homeland for the Muslims of the between 1947 and 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent. Today it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh (previously East Bengal / East Pakistan) and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous kingdoms of Bengal (during local monarchical Province based on a plebiscite A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of direct democracy. The measure put to a vote is in what was then British India The British Raj is the name given to the period of British colonial rule in South Asia between 1858 and 1947; it can also refer to the dominion itself, and even the region under the rule. The region, commonly called India in contemporary usage, included areas directly administered by Britain, as well as the princely states ruled by individual in 1947. Eastern Bengal chose to join the Dominion of Pakistan and became a province of Pakistan by the name East Bengal East Bengal was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan, and was in existence from August 15, 1947 to October 14, 1955. It came into being after the partition of Bengal in 1947. It has the same boundaries as erstwhile East Pakistan and the nation of Bangladesh and borders the Indian states of West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura and Mizoram. East Bengal, also comprised East Pakistan in 1956 and later became the independent country of Bangladesh Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ, pronounced /bæŋgləˈdɛʃ/; Bangladesh), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (Bengali: গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Banglādeśh) is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma after the bloody Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan. The war resulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971, which took place after General Elections of 1970.
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Independence
See also: Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan. The war resulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of BangladeshThe tension between East and West Pakistan reached a climax when in 1970 the Awami League, the largest East Pakistani political party, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (March 17, 1920 – August 15, 1975) was a Bengali politician and the founding leader of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, generally considered in the country as the father of the Bengali nation. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its Prime Minister. He is popularly, won a landslide victory in the national elections in East Pakistan. The party won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, and thus a majority of the 300 seats in the National Assembly. This gave the Awami League the constitutional right to form a government. However, Yahya Khan, the leader of the Pakistan, refused to allow Rahman to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan. This increased agitation for greater autonomy in the East.
On 26 March 1971, the day after the military crackdown on civilians in East Pakistan, Sk. Mujibur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh just after midnight of March 25, 1971 before he was arrested by Pakistan army. All major Awami League leaders including elected leaders of national Assembly and Provincial Assembly fled to neighboring India and an exile government was formed headed by Sk. Mujibur Rahman. While he was in Pakistan Prison, Syed Nazrul Islam was the acting President with Tazuddin Ahmed as the Prime Minister. The exile government took oath on April 17, 1971 at Mujib Nagar, within East Pakistan territory of Kustia district and formally formed the government. Col (retd) MAG Osmani was appointed the commander in chief of liberation forces and whole East Pakistan was divided into eleven sectors headed by eleven sector commanders. All sector commanders were Bengali officers from Pakistan army. This started the Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan. The war resulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of Bangladesh in which the freedom fighters Mukti Bahini , also termed as the "Freedom Fighters", collectively refers to the armed organizations who fought alongside the Indian Armed Forces against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War. It was dynamically formed by (mostly) Bengali regulars and civilians after the proclamation of Bangladesh's independence on March, joined in December 1971 by 400,000 Indian soldiers The Indian Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Republic of India encompassing the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, the Indian Air Force and various other inter-service institutions, faced the Pakistani Army of 100,000 plus paramilitary and collaborationist forces. An additional approximately 25,000 ill-equipped civilian volunteers and police forces also sided with the Pakistan army. On 16 December 1971, the Pakistani Army surrendered to the joint liberation forces of Bangladesh freedom fighters and Indian army Headed by Lt. Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora. Air Vice Marshall AK Khondoker represented the Bangladesh freedom fighters. Pakistan General AAK Niazi signed the surrender letter. Bangladesh quickly gained recognition from most countries and with the signing of the Shimla Accord, most of the countries accepted the new state. Bangladesh joined the United Nations The United Nations Organization or simply United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and the achieving of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of in 1974. Sk. Mujib returned to free Bangladesh on January 10, 1972. Upon his request, India withdrew all its army. 40,000 Pakistan soldiers and 45,000 civilians were transferred to India as prisoners of war.[citation needed]
Government
On 14 October 1955, the last governor of East Bengal (Amiruddin Ahmad) became the first Governor of East Pakistan. At the same time the last Chief Minister of East Bengal became the first Chief Minister of East Pakistan. This system lasted until the military coup of 1958 when the post of Chief Minister was abolished in both East Pakistan and West Pakistan. From 1958 to 1971 the administration was largely in the hands of the President of Pakistan and the Governor of East Pakistan who at times held the title of Martial Law Administrator Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis—usually only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law becomes widespread. In most cases,.
Governors
| Tenure | Governor of East Pakistan[1] |
|---|---|
| 14 October 1955 – March 1956 | Amiruddin Ahmad |
| March 1956 – 13 April 1958 | A. K. Fazlul Huq |
| 13 April 1958 – 3 May 1958 | Hamid Ali (acting) |
| 3 May 1958 – 10 October 1958 | Sultanuddin Ahmad |
| 10 October 1958 – 11 April 1960 | Zakir Husain |
| 11 April 1960 – 11 May 1962 | Lt Gen Azam Khan |
| 11 May 1962 – 25 October 1962 | Ghulam Faruque |
| 25 October 1962 – 23 March 1969 | Abdul Monem Khan |
| 23 March 1969 – 25 March 1969 | Mirza Nurul Huda |
| 25 March 1969 – 23 August 1969 | Maj Gen Muzaffaruddin (acting martial law administrator and governor as he was the GOC 14th Infantry Division) |
| 23 August 1969 – 1 September 1969 | Lt Gen Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (martial law administrator and governor) |
| 1 September 1969 – 7 March 1971 | Vice Admiral Vice Admiral is a naval rank equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority. A Vice Admiral is typically senior to a Rear Admiral and junior to an Admiral. In many navies, Vice Admiral is a three star rank with a NATO Code of OF-8, although in some navies like the French Navy it is an OF-7 rank, the OF-8 code corresponding to the four star rank of (R) Syed Mohammad Ahsan (governor) |
| 7 March 1971 – April 1971 | Lt Gen Sahabzada Yaqub Khan (martial law administrator and governor) |
| April 1971 – 31 August 1971 | Lt Gen Tikka Khan (martial law administrator and governor) |
| 31 August 1971 – 14 December 1971 | Abdul Motaleb Malik (governor) |
| 14 December 1971 – 16 December 1971 | Lt Gen Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi (martial law administrator and governor) |
| 16 December 1971 | Province of East Pakistan dissolved |
Chief Ministers
| Tenure | Chief Minister of East Pakistan[1] | Political Party |
|---|---|---|
| August 1955 – September 1956 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
| September 1956 – March 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League The Bangladesh Awami League (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; translated from Urdu Bangladesh People's League), commonly known as the Awami League, is the mainstream center-left, secular political party in Bangladesh. It is also currently the governing party after winning the 2008 Parliamentary elections in |
| March 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
| March 1958 – 18 June 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
| 18 June 1958 – 22 June 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
| 22 June 1958 – 25 August 1958 | Governor's Rule | |
| 25 August 1958 – 7 October 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
| 7 October 1958 | Post abolished | |
| 16 December 1971 | Province of East Pakistan dissolved |
See also
- Partition of British India The Partition of India (Hindi: भारत का विभाजन , Urdu: ہندوستان کی تقسیم Hindustān kī Taqsīm) was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation, on 14 August 1947 and 15 August 1947, respectively, of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan (later
- East Bengal East Bengal was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan, and was in existence from August 15, 1947 to October 14, 1955. It came into being after the partition of Bengal in 1947. It has the same boundaries as erstwhile East Pakistan and the nation of Bangladesh and borders the Indian states of West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura and Mizoram
- West Pakistan The eastern wing formed the single province of East Bengal , which despite having over half of the population had a disproportionately small number of seats in the Constituent Assembly. This inequality of the two wings and the geographical distance between them was believed to be holding up the adoption of a new constitution. To diminish the
- Bangladesh Liberation War The Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was an armed conflict pitting East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan. The war resulted in the secession of East Pakistan, which became the independent nation of Bangladesh
- Biharis
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan. Indian and Bangladeshi sources consider the beginning of the war to be Operation Chengiz Khan, Pakistan's December 3, 1971 pre-emptive strike on 11 Indian airbases. However, Pakistan considers it to be a part of the overall Bangladesh Liberation War, in which India
- The Blood telegram Archer Kent Blood was an American diplomat in Bangladesh. He served as the last American Consul General to Dhaka, East Pakistan. He is famous for sending the strongly-worded Blood telegram protesting against the atrocities committed in the Bangladesh Liberation War
References
- ^ a b Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org. "Bangladesh". http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Bangladesh.html. Retrieved 2007-10-03.
External links
Categories: History of Bangladesh | Bangladesh Liberation War | East Pakistan | History of Pakistan Categories: History by country | Pakistan | History of South Asia
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Tahir Hameed
Fri, 23 Jul 2010 19:00:31 GM
And didnt the Pakistani army kill and rape Muslims in . east pakistan. ? It seems its halal when a Pakistani soldier rapes a 14 year old girl and kills innocent people but if a Muslim killed a Munafic or there was a few kiled around the ...
